Scientists create solar-powered animal cells using algae chloroplasts

Scientists at the University of Tokyo have made an important discovery by creating animal cells that can harvest energy from sunlight. This feat was made possible by embedding chloroplasts, photosynthetic structures found in algae, into animal cells, a process previously thought impossible. The researchers believe that this new method could open doors to innovative solutions for the development of artificial tissue, especially in low oxygen conditions.

The experiment and its unique approach

The team selected the CHO-K1 cell line, derived from a Chinese hamster, as the host for the chloroplasts due to its high sensitivity to foreign materials. By using chloroplasts from Cyanidioschyzon merolae, a red algae that tolerates warmer environments, the scientists avoided a key challenge. Unlike other chloroplasts that lose function below 37°C, these algal chloroplasts can remain active at body temperature, making them a suitable choice for integration with animal cells.

New territory in cell integration

Attempts have been made for years to incorporate chloroplasts animal cells faced a persistent obstacle: these foreign structures were usually demolished within hours. However, the University of Tokyo team noted that, under the right conditions, these chloroplasts maintained photosynthetic activity in hamster cells for up to 48 hours. Using advanced imaging techniques, they monitored the photosynthesis process, showing that these chloroplasts continued to generate energy when exposed to light – an important milestone in cellular biology.

Implications for future research

The findings point to more possibilities for the future. The researchers noted that cells with chloroplasts showed improved growth, possibly due to an additional energy source in the cells. This boost could pave the way for further research into how chloroplasts can support cell function and growth. The mechanisms behind the interaction between chloroplasts and animal cell components remain undiscovered. The researchers would like to understand these dynamics.

Professor Sachihiro Matsunaga, who leads the team, sees these hybrid ‘planimal’ cells as valuable tools in advancing a more sustainable, carbon-neutral approach in biotechnology. With continued research, these hybrid cells could become a crucial element in the development of energy-efficient and environmentally friendly technologies.