Archaeologists discover 123 bodies in Leicester’s ancient burial vault

An excavation near Leicester Cathedral has led to the discovery of a burial pit containing the remains of 123 people. The find, described as one of the largest mass graves of the period, dates back more than 800 years ago, to the early 12th century. Despite the size of the burial, no evidence of violence was found, leading researchers to wonder whether famine or disease was responsible for the deaths.

The team, led by Mathew Morris, project officer at the University of Leicester’s Archaeological Services, concluded that the pit was rapidly filled in three successive deposits. Morris, in an interview published by The Guardianstated that the bodies appear to have been brought in in cartloads and fell into the shaft within a short time. He estimated that the buried individuals represented about 5 percent of Leicester’s medieval population.

Clues in historical data and radiocarbon dating

According to the publication’s report, initial speculation linked the funeral to the Black Death. However, in radiocarbon testing, the deaths occurred in the 12th century, well over a century before the plague. Morris told the publication that this raises important questions as there is no clear evidence of the cause of the widespread fatalities.

Historical records mention severe famines and pestilences in England between the 10th and 12th centuries, offering possible explanations. The discovery matches descriptions of repeated outbreaks of disease and hunger.

Current research and genetic analysis

Samples have been sent to the Francis Crick Institute in London to identify pathogens that could explain the mass deaths. The absence of clothing remains indicates a deliberate preparation of the bodies, with burial practices indicating social organization even in times of crisis. The burial pit was discovered during work for a heritage learning centre, which followed the excavation of Richard III’s remains in 2012. This dig has uncovered almost 1,200 burials spanning eight centuries, providing a unique glimpse into Leicester’s past.