Siberian craters explained: here’s what you need to know

Recent research has provided a deeper insight into the mysterious craters found in Siberia. These craters, some as deep as 50 meters and as wide as 70 meters, form when thawing permafrost causes sudden methane gas explosions. The thaw of the permafrost causes cracks, releasing methane gas stored deep underground, leading to these dramatic explosions.

Unique geological conditions in Northern Russia

According to Ana Morgado, PhD candidate and chemical engineer at the University of Cambridge, this phenomenon is extremely rare and specific to the Yamal and Gydan peninsulas in northern Russia. Cryopegs, ancient saltwater pockets, only exist in this region and play a crucial role in the process.

Pressure build-up and explosions

Cryopegs, which formed from prehistoric seas that existed during the last ice age, remain liquid despite freezing temperatures due to high pressure and salinity. As meltwater from the thawing surface permafrost seeps into these cryopegs, pressure builds over decades. Eventually, cracks develop in the permafrost, release the pressure and causes methane hydrates to decompose into gas, causing an explosion.

Implications for global warming

Although the phenomenon is rare, the release of methane gas during these explosions can have a significant impact on global warming. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas and its emissions could lead to further environmental problems in the Arctic. These craters, which occur only in northern Russia, provide new insights into the complexities of permafrost thawing and its potential consequences for the climate.