But race remained a highly charged topic at Yale, which has had an often contentious relationship with the local black community. And the university's record was thrust into the national spotlight with the debate over the renaming of Calhoun College, a student residence named after John C. Calhoun, the antebellum senator from South Carolina and architect of Southern secession. (In 2017, it was renamed in honor of Grace Murray Hopper, a pioneering computer scientist who became a rear admiral in the US Navy.)

Still, Blight, a leading scholar of the Civil War and author of a Pulitzer Prize-winning biography of Frederick Douglass, said he was “stunned” when Salovey called him in September 2020 and asked him to take on the project.

“This did not come from any desire on the faculty,” he said. “It came from the president himself.”

Blight said he agreed as long as he and the team he assembled could write a “real narrative history” rather than just a report. He said neither he nor any of the other Yale faculty members who contributed were paid. “We wanted to avoid the appearance that we were profiting from the Yale story,” he said.

They were given free rein in their research and the university made no effort to check what they wrote, he said.

The book, of which the most important findings are also presented on a websitebegins with the early history of Connecticut, where in the 18th century about 50 percent of the economy was tied to trade with the West Indies, which depended on slavery.

One of the most fascinating moments, Blight said, was the antebellum period, when Yale students and faculty were on both sides of the slavery issue, and the university — which in the 20th century tended to emphasize its abolitionist history — pursued a policy of “aggressive moderation,” as Blight calls it. “They didn't want to take sides until the 1850s,” he said.

King Charles, in his first public statement since his shock cancer diagnosis, sent a congratulatory message to Grenada to mark 50 years of independence.

The 75-year-old monarch, who is currently recovering in Sandringham from his first cancer treatment, pushed aside tensions over slavery reparations as he praised the country's “leadership, resilience and innovation”.

It is said that Caribbean countries are in the process of submitting formal demands to the royal family for reparations for slavery.

Rather than trying to reach intergovernmental agreements, several countries want to take their cases directly to descendants of those believed to have benefited from slavery, including King Charles.

The Church of England, Lloyd's of London and wealthy universities are also in the crosshairs, said Arley Gill, chairman of the Grenada National Reparations Committee.

But the king left the issues aside and apologized that he could not “be with you in person” to celebrate the “momentous milestone.”

He also said he has “special memories” of his visit to the island five years ago.

His statement in full read: “On the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of Grenada's independence, it gives me great pleasure to send you all my congratulations and warm good wishes.

“Over the past fifty years, I have watched with the deepest admiration as you built your nation and created Grenada's unique place in the world, and as you became an essential member of our Commonwealth family.

“Together you have made Grenada an example of democracy, human rights and the rule of law. Together you have addressed the most critical challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss by setting an example of leadership, resilience and innovation to the world. Together you brought the words of your anthem to life: “Aspire, build, ahead!”

'My wife and I have such special memories of our visit to your beautiful 'Spice Island' five years ago, and of the warm and moving welcome you gave us. Then, as whenever I met Grenadians anywhere in the world, I was struck by your resilience, the strength of your community, and by your shared determination to make a positive difference.

'In this Grenadian spirit you can cherish the greatest pride. Whether it is through the remarkable contributions of Grenada's artists, musicians and authors, or through the triumphs of your athletes, who have all enjoyed such extraordinary success, '473 to the World' is an inspiration to us all.

'I can only say how sorry I am that I cannot be with you in person to celebrate this momentous milestone, and enjoy a little Oil Down with you all! My thoughts are with everyone in Grenada, Carriacou and Petit Martinique, and with everyone in the Grenadian diaspora – 'one people, one family' – as you celebrate all you have achieved and all that your future holds. Together with my family, I send you all our sincere congratulations. Charles R'.

Late last year it was reported that Caribbean countries would make formal demands from the royal family for slavery reparations by the end of the year.

Arley Gill, Chairman of the Grenada National Reparations Committee, said: “We hope that King Charles will revisit the issue of reparations and make a deeper statement, starting with an apology, and make royal family resources available for restorative justice,” he told the Daily Telegraph.

'He should make some money available. We don't tell him to starve himself and his family, and we don't ask for trinkets. But we believe we can sit down and discuss what can be made available for restorative justice.”

The Reparations Commission for St. Vincent and the Grenadines (SVG) plans to issue formal demands for reparations by the end of this year, it has been claimed. The royal family will also likely be in the spotlight of SVG, which, like Grenada, was a British colony.

The chairman of the reparations committee, Adrian Odle, said that 'every property owned by the royal family has the stench of slavery'.

The campaign was boosted by former BBC correspondent Laura Trevelyan's decision to donate money and apologize to the people of Grenada for her family's role in the historic slave trade.

“My family, the Trevelyans, owned about a thousand slaves on five different sugar plantations in Grenada in the 17th and 18th centuries,” she said last year.

'When slavery was abolished in 1834, our family received compensation from the British government for the loss of our property, as part of the 46,000 British claims filed with the Slave Compensation Commission. We received about £3 million in cash today. The slaves got nothing.”

One of the royal family's most frequently cited ties to slavery was the Royal African Company, which enslaved and transported hundreds of thousands of people from Africa to the Americas.

King Charles said last year that he felt “personal sorrow at the suffering of so many,” but did not go as far as an apology.

However, he never publicly ruled out reparations.

Dutch King Willem-Alexander has apologized for Dutch involvement in slavery, saying he “felt the weight of the words in my heart and soul.”

King Charles is said to be interested in understanding the results of an academic study into the relationship between the British monarchy and the slave trade in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Archaeologists unearthed a prison in ancient times Pompeii that shows ‘the most shocking side of ancient slavery.’

The ruins of an ash-covered stone structure found at the Italian site were once a bakery where people and animals were forced to grind grain for bread.

Animals walked in circles blindfolded for hours, turning the mill, while people continuously poured grains into it.

The prison only had ceiling windows that let in light and one doorway that led to an opulent house owned by the slavers.

The remains of three people were found in the old prison, indicating that it was operational when Mount Vesuvius exploded.

Two thousand years ago, Pompeii, located 14 miles southeast of Naples, was a bustling city of about 15,000 before the eruption of Vesuvius destroyed it on August 24, 79 AD. destroyed.

The eruption is believed to have killed 16,000 people in Pompeii and surrounding towns, making it one of the most destructive volcanic eruptions in history.

Pompeii director Gabriel Zuchtriegel said: ‘It is the most shocking side of ancient slavery, the side devoid of both relationships of trust and promises of release, where we were reduced to brute force, an impression fully confirmed by securing the few windows with iron bars.’

The only exit leads to the atrium of the house – even the stable does not have direct access to the street.

“It is, in other words, a space in which we must imagine the presence of people with a servile status whose freedom of movement the owner felt to restrict,” Zuchtriegel said.

The team found several semicircular indentations in the volcanic basalt slabs around the millstones that looked like “footprints,” but deeper analysis showed that the carvings were deliberately made to prevent animals from slipping.

“The wear and tear of the different indentations can be attributed to the endless cycles, always the same, performed according to the pattern laid out on the pavement,” the researchers shared.

‘More than just a groove, it reminds us of the gears of a clockwork mechanism designed to synchronize the movement around the four closely packed millstones found in this area.’

Archaeologists first discovered the ruins of Pompeii in 1549, when an Italian named Domenico Fontana dug a water canal through Pompeii, but the dead city remained buried.

And they continue to discover more from the ash-covered city.

Experts have relied on ancient texts to understand what happened in 79 AD. happened.

Pliny the Younger, an administrator and poet, watched the disaster unfold from a distance, and his letters describing the horrific event were found in the 16th century.

His writings show that the eruption took the residents of Pompeii by surprise.

Pliny said that a column of smoke “like an umbrella pine” rose from the volcano and made the towns around it as black as night.

While the eruption lasted about 24 hours, the first pyroclastic waves began at midnight, causing the volcano’s column to collapse.

An avalanche of hot ash, rock and poisonous gas flowed down the side of the volcano at 120 miles per hour, burying victims and remnants of everyday life.

Hundreds of refugees sheltering in the vaulted arcades on the coast of Herculaneum, with their jewelry and money in hand, were killed instantly.

This event put an end to the life of the cities, but at the same time preserved them until they were rediscovered by archaeologists almost 1,700 years later.

The excavations of Pompeii, the industrial center of the region, and Herculaneum, a small seaside resort, have provided an unparalleled insight into Roman life.

Ed Sheeran and a choir of modern slavery victims will take center stage at tonight’s opening gala for Princess Eugenie’s charity.

They will perform at a glitzy fundraiser for The Anti-Slavery Collective, which was founded by the king’s niece in 2017 with friend Julia de Boinville.

Other celebrities including Idris Elba and James Blunt will join Eugenie, her husband Jack Brooksbank, mother Duchess of York, cousin Zara Tindall and former Prime Minister Theresa May.

Ahead of the event at Battersea Arts Center Eugenie, 33, praised Sheeran for his involvement, saying:

‘It’s the craziest thing there is. Ed is a game changer and a generational entertainer, so I absolutely can’t get over him coming.

“He’s also one of the nicest people, so I’m really honored and really grateful to have him here and helping us with the mission of The Anti-Slavery Collective.”

Eugenie, the Duke and Duchess of York’s second child, said she was motivated to set up the charity, which aims to end modern slavery through the humanitarian work of her mother, Sarah Ferguson.

“My mother does a lot of charity work and has always raised my sister and I to give back,” Princess Eugenie said.

The Royal, who now lives in Portugal with her husband Jack Brooksbank and their two sons, said a trip to Calcutta with her mother and Julia in 2012 sowed the seeds of the Anti-Slavery Collective.

“We went to Calcutta to visit Aloka Mitra, who founded the Women’s Interlink Foundation,” she recalls.

“Aloka is an amazing woman who has rescued girls from the streets, housed them and taught them how to print on fabric.

‘On that trip to India, Jules and I were so shocked by what we had discovered about modern slavery. When we returned to Britain we learned as much as we could about it, meeting anyone who would listen to us, visiting safe houses and speaking to survivors.’

The charity’s mission is to raise awareness of the 50 million people around the world currently trapped in modern slavery.

‘I was 21 when I first heard about modern slavery. I don’t want people to reach the same age without being educated about reality,” the Royal said.

The Princess also paid tribute to a slavery survivor from Manchester, who played a crucial role in setting up the charity in 2017.

‘One survivor who has been an inspiration to our charity was born and raised in Manchester and trafficked into a local gang by her neighbour.

‘She was instrumental in setting up The Collective and we always ask her what she thinks… This is an example of modern slavery happening everywhere, even here in Britain.’

She urged every Briton to do their part in the war against modern slavery.

‘A victim can walk among you, but receive an unfair wage or be forced to work within an inch of his life, perhaps in the construction sector, a nail salon or at a car wash.

‘Everyone needs to open their eyes to what can happen around them.’

Sheeran had an infamous encounter with Princess Eugenie’s sister, Princess Beatrice, who accidentally slit his cheek with a ceremonial sword while jokingly ‘knighting’ James Blunt at a dinner party in 2016.

The musician always refused to name the Royal, but his manager, Stuart Camp, eventually confirmed that it was the Princess who had wielded the sword, calling her an “idiot.”

But it seems Sheeran has put all that behind him as he prepares to lend his star power to Princess Eugenie’s charity in London tonight.

Marc Jacobs’ husband has been branded ‘desperate’ and ’embarrassing’ for an angry tirade against a non-binary vegan influencer who criticized the designer for using real fur.

Charly ‘Char’ Defrancesco, who lives in New York, shared a lengthy post on Instagram in which he blasted Nati Casanova for consuming coffee and confectionery produced by companies that use child labor in Africa.

It appears that Nati posted a now-deleted video to Instagram in September with the caption: “@marcjacobs whaddya say? How many animals have you killed today?’.

In his 368-word caption, the 42-year-old candlemaker accused Char Nati of “harassing” him and warned them: “If you sit on your self-righteous high horse of hypocrisy and point fingers, I’m here to point out some right back to you.”

He went on to say that the animal rights activist was “not in a position to point fingers” because they consume coffee, sweets and doughnuts. He went on to shame the activist, saying, “Looks like you got a lot [sugar]’.

However, Char’s vicious attack backfired, with one critic commenting: ‘He keeps calling others hypocrites when he clearly is one himself.’

Char Defrancesco married his longtime partner Marc Jacobs in 2019, surrounded by family and friends, at the Grill Room in Manhattan.

Marc Jacobs’ eponymous brand, a subsidiary of LVM, previously came under fire from PETA for selling real fur, including mink coats – and items made from real dog fur were even found to be labeled as faux fur.

But Marc’s husband Char, who disagreed with animal rights advocate Nati telling him to end the fur trade, posted his 368-word response for all to see.

He wrote: ‘I see you, mainly because you keep bothering me. When I looked at your page I saw your posts with coffee, sweets, donuts. What I want to draw attention to.

“So hopefully the next time you feel like posting pictures of donuts, of which it looks like you’ve had a lot, you won’t be in a position to point fingers.”

Char criticized Nati Casanova for consuming coffee, tea and confectionery produced by companies that use child labor in Africa.

“I cannot help but feel a sense of incongruity in considering your position alongside your support of certain companies known for their involvement in child labor, especially in the chocolate, coffee/tea and sugar industries. ‘

He further suggested that the vegan influencer should turn a blind eye to animal cruelty and instead become an advocate for child trafficking and labor.

‘You can call your local government or the three big chocolate traders in the world who control 80% of the world’s chocolate trade (Cargill, Barry Callebaut and OFI) and demand change/an end to child trafficking and labour.

‘Or choose another goal that means something to you and makes the world a little better.’

But toward the end of the post, the candlestick maker warned, “If you get on your self-righteous high horse of hypocrisy and point fingers, I’m here to point some right at you.”

Char’s outburst caused an uproar among Instagram users, with many expressing their disapproval of his tirade.

One person wrote: ‘This is rich coming from someone who is [sic] partner has direct ties to LVMH. Is Marc aware that Bernard is funneling money to the IDF? But you claim you care about children?’

Char hurriedly replied, “You didn’t read what I wrote. I’m not claiming to care about the kids, I’m just saying it’s ironic how someone could try to point out scammers and pass judgment. Did you read what I wrote? Or were the words too big to understand? LOL’ [sic]

This caused even more problems for the 42-year-old, with one person acknowledging he had dismissed his children by saying: ‘Did you just admit you didn’t care about children?! That’s pretty scary. No care for children or animals

While another added: ‘I didn’t claim to care about the children’ so why use these images of innocent, suffering children? You also said ‘hoping this post does more good than just getting likes’… but what good did you expect? You want your followers to make a difference in helping end child labor, while you don’t care. That is worrying.’

Meanwhile, other Instagram users left hundreds of comments on the six-slide post expressing their disbelief, including: ‘You’re actually comparing the fur industry to coffee beans? You drink coffee and support fur, so whose problem is bigger here.’

Another suggested that Marc Jacobs should follow in the footsteps of Stella McCartney, Gucci and Burberry by adopting a fur-free policy.

“If Marc Jacobs announces a fur-free policy soon, you might spend more time learning to spell words like ‘FUR’ and less time embarrassing his brand.”

One person thought it was unfair to compare using animal fur to drinking coffee, writing: The difference is that there is ethical coffee, chocolate and sugar. You can simply check the quality marks to see if there is fair trade. There is NO ethical way to kill animals for unnecessary fashion. Tell your husband to declare a fur-free policy if you want to get people out of trouble.”

“Exploiting starving children to distract from your husband’s dealings with an industry that makes billions of dollars off the skin of tortured animals? Wow. You are shameless,” read another comment.

A flight attendant has opened up about the dark side of working in the friendly skies, saying she hates everything from the long hours to the inconsiderate passengers.

The anonymous crew member, known only as u/hopelesslynovelless on Reddit, she expressed her dissatisfaction with the demanding job and the airline she works for on the r/flightattendants forum.

“Does anyone else feel like this job is such a joke? It sometimes feels like I’m in some kind of… a cult?’ she started her long post.

She noted that she was “aware that some people absolutely love” being part of the flight crew and that she had “no sympathy at all” for her complaints.

The flight attendant added that she wasn’t looking for anyone to convince her to quit her job because she didn’t have another one lined up and needed the money.

‘I’m just so tired of this job. “I just got back from a 14-hour flight, and before I even left the hotel room to return, I was so over it I wanted to cry,” she said.

The woman noted that she had “relatively demanding jobs” in high school and college, saying she was a waitress and a store clerk.

“I thought I could handle it, but none of them exhausted me that much or actually made me cry,” she admitted.

She did not name the airline she works for, but she did accuse the company of “modern slavery on the border.”

The crew member gave the example of calling in sick, saying this would lead to meetings with her manager and an internal investigation into “why” she was sick.

“As if they came from Mars and never experienced having a human body,” she wailed.

Not only did she feel mistreated by her employer, but she was also tired of the “long hours where every flight was yelled at by at least one inconsiderate asshole.”

She noted that she didn’t even have the opportunity to vent with her colleagues.

‘JYou don’t work with the same people, so you can’t even make regular friends naturally,” she explained. ‘[You] have to make a lot of effort among themselves to maintain a relationship.’

She added Some crew members are “insufferable” and “passionate about this company” because of the influence they gain online.

‘I’m just so tired. I feel so out of place in this company and with this job, and I’m so frustrated that I’m being treated like shit by some seniors even though I work my hardest and keep a smile on my face no matter what. how hard it gets,” she continued.

She claimed that senior crew members had her reported for minor infractions that posed no safety risks and made it “a huge hassle.”

The flight attendant concluded that she just wanted to blow off some steam and encouraged others to share their own complaints.

Many commenters agreed with her, and while some were still struggling, others shared how they learned to cope with the demands of the job.

“The work generally sucks if you look GENERAL. But the benefits and free time of becoming a line holder make this one of the best jobs. If you don’t mind eating ramen for seven years until you earn a living wage,” one person commented.

“I’ve only recently started this career and I’m trying to understand why everyone loves it so much,” another added. ‘I applied because I had a job, it wasn’t my dream or anything. I’m trying to see it [if] it’s worth being away from my family. I missed Friendsgiving and birthdays this week just because I had a layover in Ohio all by myself. I’m trying to persevere for now.’

“The only reason I stay is for the benefits and free time. I’ve been off for almost 2 weeks. Otherwise the job can get you if you let it,” another person shared. ‘I go to work. Work and go home. I don’t make it more than that. Sounds harsh, but I ended up being like this before I even started working for my airline, so it worked itself out. I cried a little here and there.”

By Jessica Taylor for Mailonline

Published: 11:02 AM EDT, October 18, 2023 | Updated: 12:15 EDT, October 18, 2023