Health

World Health Organization reveals 30 pathogens likely to cause next pandemic

The World Health Organization has published a list of more than 30 pathogens likely to cause the next pandemic.

One of the most dangerous viruses and bacteria is the bird flu H5N1. This bacteria is spreading in the US and scientists fear that this bacteria can easily mutate and jump from one person to another.

There are also fears about mosquito-borne dengue fever, sometimes called the “bone-breaking disease,” which is spreading at an unprecedented rate in the US.

And monkeypox, which caused a global epidemic in 2022, was also on the list, amid an outbreak of a deadlier and more contagious variant in Africa.

Above is a selection of pathogens listed as having a “high” chance of causing the next pandemic or major outbreak.

Above is a selection of pathogens listed as having a “high” chance of causing the next pandemic or major outbreak.

More than half of the listings were new compared to the 2017 list, when the list was first published.

Hantavirus, a virus that spreads among rodents, mosquito-borne West Nile virus, influenza and Covid have also been implicated.

Scientists have also added smallpox, although this virus has now been eradicated. They fear that the virus could be accidentally released in a laboratory and spread rapidly, since few people are immune to the virus.

And rodent-borne Lassa fever, which can cause bleeding of the gums, eyes and nose and seizures in patients.

The list was compiled by 200 scientists from more than 50 countries after studying a shortlist of 1,600 bacteria and viruses.

Those labeled as “pandemic potential” were highly contagious and virulent – ​​or capable of causing serious disease in humans.

The most dangerous diseases were also those for which no vaccines or treatments were available.

Previously, the 2017 and 2018 lists contained only about ten pathogens.

The list has been updated due to climate change, deforestation and increased international travel, which could make other diseases more likely to cause a new outbreak (stock)

The list has been updated due to climate change, deforestation and increased international travel, which could make other diseases more likely to cause a new outbreak (stock)

REVEALED: The Diseases That Could Cause the Next Pandemic
Disease Latin name Risk level
Lassa fever
Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever
Cholera
Black Death
Shigellosis
Salmonella
Pneumonia
MERS; Middle East Respiratory Virus
SARS; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Ebola
Marburg virus
Zika virus
Dengue fever
Yellow fever
Tick-borne encephalitis
West Nile virus
Hantavirus
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
Bird flu (H1 to H10)
Swine flu (H1 to H3)
Nipah virus
SFTS fever
Rift Valley Fever
Smallpox
Smallpox virus
Monkeypox
Chikungunya virus
Venezuelan equine encephalitis
Pathogen X
Adenovirus
Adenovirus 14
Hand, foot and mouth disease
Lentivirus
Borna disease virus
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis E
HerpesHPV Parvovirus
Mammarenavirus lassaense
Mammarenavirus juniense
Vibrio Cholerae Serotype 1
Yersinia pestis
Shigella dysentery
Salmonella enterica
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Subgenus Merbecovirus
Subgenus Sarbecovirus
Orthoebolavirus zairense
Orthoebolavirus Sudan
Orthoebolavirus zikaense
Orthoflavivirus dengue
Orthoflavivirus taste
Orthoflavivirus encephalitis
Orthoflavivirus nilense
Orthohantavirus synonym
Orthovirus hemorrhages
Alpha influenza virus influenzae
Alpha influenza virus influenzae
Henipavirus-nipahense
Bandavirus dabieense
Phlebovirus riftense
Orthovirus smallpox
Orthovirus vaccinia
Orthovirus monkeypox
Alphavirus chikungunya
Alphavirus Venezuelan
Pathogen X
Recombinant Mastadenovirus
Mastadenovirus blackbeardi serotype 14
Enterovirus coxsackiepol
Lentivirus humimdef1
Bornean Orthobornavirus
Orthohepadnavirus hominoidei C
Paslahepevirus balayani 3
HerpesviridaePapillomaviridaeProtoparvovirus carnivoran
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
low-average
low-average
medium
medium
low
low
low
layer layer layer

But researchers have since expanded the list, as there are more opportunities for diseases to spread from animals to humans and between different parts of the world.

According to scientists, urbanization and deforestation have led to increased contact between wildlife and humans. At the same time, increased international travel creates new opportunities for a disease to spread to other parts of the world.

There are also concerns that climate change could trigger outbreaks by spreading diseases to new areas.

Dr. Ana Maria Henao Restrepo, who led the report, said Nature: ‘The prioritization process helps identify critical knowledge gaps that need to be addressed urgently.’

Other diseases also mentioned in the report were five bacteria, including cholera – which can cause stomach upset – and Yersinia pestis – the bacterium responsible for the plague.

The bat-borne Nipah virus was also still on the list. This virus can cause severe swelling in the brain.

Many of the diseases on the list have only been diagnosed sporadically to date.

However, researchers warned that if they underwent mutations that made them more likely to spread between people, they could cause an outbreak.

Most diseases are transmitted by ticks, bats, mosquitoes, rodents or by humans. They are often spread via respiratory droplets.

To cause a pandemic, a virus or bacteria must spread between people, be detected worldwide, and cause disease.

World Health Organisation

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