Thyroid Disease: 5 Common Conditions and Their Symptoms You Should Be Aware of

Several types of problems can occur if your thyroid gland produces too many or too few hormones. In this article, we share some of the most common thyroid-related conditions to look out for.

Thyroid disorders are common conditions that affect the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped organ in the neck. The thyroid plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism by producing hormones that influence various bodily functions. Common thyroid conditions include hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid nodules.

Thyroid disorders and their symptoms

• Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. Common symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin and constipation. Additionally, individuals with female hypothyroidism may experience depression, muscle weakness, and irregular periods. Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune disease, is a common cause of hypothyroidism.
• On the other end of the spectrum is hyperthyroidism, in which the thyroid gland produces an excess of thyroid hormones. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include weight loss, increased appetite, fast heart rate, anxiety, sweating and irritability. Graves' disease, an autoimmune disease, is a leading cause of hyperthyroidism. It can also lead to eye problems such as bulging eyes (exophthalmos).
• Thyroid nodules are growths or nodules on the thyroid gland. Although most lumps are non-cancerous, some can be cancerous. Many thyroid nodules are asymptomatic, but some can cause swallowing difficulty, neck pain, or a visible lump in the neck. Regular monitoring and, if necessary, biopsy are crucial for evaluating the nature of thyroid nodules.
• Postpartum thyroiditis is another condition that typically occurs in the first year after giving birth. It involves inflammation of the thyroid gland and can lead to temporary hyperthyroidism, followed by hypothyroidism. Women may experience fatigue, mood swings and weight changes.
• Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease that occurs when your body's immune system mistakenly attacks your thyroid gland. This can cause your gland to overproduce the hormone responsible for regulating your metabolism. Some of the symptoms include anxiety
  irritability, fatigue, shaking hands and increased or irregular heart rate

Iodine deficiency can contribute to thyroid disease, especially hypothyroidism. Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, and a deficiency of it can lead to goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland. Although iodine deficiency is less common in regions with sufficient iodine in the diet, it remains a problem in some parts of the world.

According to Dr. Payal Narang, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Motherhood Hospital Lullanagar, Pune, “It is crucial to note that these symptoms can vary in severity and may overlap between different thyroid conditions. Diagnosing and treating thyroid disease often includes blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels, imaging tests, and, if necessary, thyroid biopsy. In short, thyroid disorders are diverse and can significantly impact overall health. Recognizing the symptoms and seeking medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment is essential for effectively managing these conditions. Regular monitoring and collaboration with healthcare professionals are key components to maintaining thyroid health.”